gurumitra4u: January 2014

Thursday 30 January 2014

> ಮಹಾತ್ಮಾ ಗಾಂಧಿ ಅವರ 66ನೇ ಪುಣ್ಯ ತಿಥಿ

ಮಹಾತ್ಮಾ ಗಾಂಧಿ ಅವರ 66ನೇ ಪುಣ್ಯ ತಿಥಿ

ಅಹಿಂಸಾ ಮಾರ್ಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಗಳಿಸಿಕೊಟ್ಟು ಇಡೀ ಜಗತ್ತಿಗೆ ಮಾದರಿಯಾದ ಮಹಾನ್‌ ಚೇತನ ಮೋಹನದಾಸ ಕರಮಚಂದ ಗಾಂಧಿ. ಸಂಘಟನೆ, ಹೋರಾಟ, ನಿರಶನ, ಸ್ವದೇಶಿ ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿ ಮೈಗೂಡಿಸಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಚಳವಳಿ ನಡೆಸುತ್ತಾರೆ ಎಂದರೆ ಸಾಕು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರಿಗೆ ತಲೆ ಬಿಸಿಯಾಗುತ್ತಿತ್ತು. ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಗಾಂಧಿ ಅವರ ಒಂದು ಕರೆಗೆ ಓಗೊಟ್ಟು ದೇಶದ ಸಮಸ್ತ ನಾಗರಿಕರು ಅವರೊಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಹಜ್ಜೆಹಾಕುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಹೌದು, 'ಗಾಂಧಿ' ಎಂಬ ಪದದಲ್ಲಿ ಆ ತಾಕತ್ತು ಇತ್ತು. (ಈಗಲೂ ಗಾಂಧಿ ಪದಕ್ಕೆ ತಾಕತ್ತಿದೆ ಎಂಬುದಕ್ಕೆ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್‌ ಹೈಕಮಾಂಡ್‌ನ‌ ಉದಾಹರಣೆ ಕೊಟ್ಟರೆ ವ್ಯಂಗ್ಯವಾದೀತು!)

ಯಾವುದೇ ಶಸ್ತ್ರಾಸ್ತ್ರವಿಲ್ಲದೆ, ಪ್ರಚೋದನಕಾರಿ ಭಾಷಣ ಮಾಡದೆ, ಯುದ್ಧ, ಕ್ರಾಂತಿಕಾರಿ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆಯನ್ನಿಡದೆ ಕೇವಲ ಚಳವಳಿ, ನಿರಶನದ ಮೂಲಕ ದೇಶಕ್ಕೆ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ತಂದುಕೊಟ್ಟ ಮಹಾನ್‌ ನಾಯಕ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ. ಆದರೆ ಇಷ್ಟೆಲ್ಲಾ ಹೋರಾಟ ಮಾಡಿದರೂ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ 6 ತಿಂಗಳ ಕಾಲ ಅವರು ಜೀವಂತವಾಗಿ ಉಳಿಯಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಗಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಜನವರಿ 30 ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಅವರ ಪುಣ್ಯತಿಥಿ. ಈ ದಿನ ಬಂತೆಂದರೆ ಸಾಕು ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಜೊತೆಗೆ ನಾಥೂರಾಮ್‌ ವಿನಾಯಕ ಗೋಡ್ಸೆ ಎಂಬ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಯ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ಕೂಡ ಈ ದೇಶ ನೆನಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ.

ಗೋಡ್ಸೆಗೇಕೆ ಗಾಂಧಿ ಮೇಲೆ ಸಿಟ್ಟು?
ತನ್ನ ಆಡಳಿತವನ್ನೇ ಕಿತ್ತುಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಯತ್ನಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಹತ್ಯೆ ಮಾಡುವ ಕನಸನ್ನು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರು ಕೂಡ ಕಂಡಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಹೀಗಿರುವಾಗ ಭಾರತೀಯನೇ ಆದ, ಅದರಲ್ಲೂ ವಿದ್ಯಾವಂತ, ಉತ್ತಮ ಚಾರಿತ್ರ್ಯವುಳ್ಳ, ಮೇಲಾಗಿ ಒಂದು ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ ನಡೆಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ವಿಚಾರವಾದಿ ಗೋಡ್ಸೆ, ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿಯನ್ನು ನೇರವಾಗಿ ಗುಂಡಿಟ್ಟು ಹತ್ಯೆಗೈಯುತ್ತಾನೆಂದರೆ? ಅಷ್ಟಕ್ಕೂ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಮೇಲೆ ಈ ಗೋಡ್ಸೆಗೇಕೆ ಅಷ್ಟೊಂದು ಸಿಟ್ಟಿತ್ತು? ಹೀಗೆ ತರಹೇವಾರಿ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು ಇಂದಿಗೂ ಕೋಟ್ಯಂತರ ಭಾರತೀಯರನ್ನು ಕಾಡುತ್ತಿವೆ.
ಅಹಿಂಸಾ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಅನುಸರಿಸಿದ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ರಕ್ತದ ಮಡುವಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮಲಗಿ ಪ್ರಾಣ ಬಿಡುತ್ತಾರೆಂದು ಯಾರೊಬ್ಬರೂ ಕನಸು ಮನಸಿನಲ್ಲೂ ಎಣಿಸಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಗಾಂಧಿ ಅವರು ಎಷ್ಟು ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕ, ಅಹಿಂಸಾವಾದಿಯೋ ಅಷ್ಟೇ ಹಠವಾದಿ. ತನ್ನ ಮಾತು ಪಾಲನೆಯಾಗದ ಹೊರತು ಅವರು ಹಿಡಿದ ಹಠವನ್ನು ಮಾತ್ರ ಬಿಡುತ್ತಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಬಹುಶಃ ಈ ಹಠವೇ ಅವರ ಹತ್ಯೆಗೆ ಕಾರಣವಾಯಿತೆ ಎಂಬ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಕೆಲವೊಮ್ಮೆ ಇತಿಹಾಸವನ್ನು ಮೆಲುಕುಹಾಕಿದಾಗ ಗೋಚರವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.

1947ರಲ್ಲಿ ದೇಶ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಗಳಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಂತೆ ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ ಎಂಬ ಹೊಸ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ ವಿಶ್ವದ ಭೂಪಟದಲ್ಲಿ ಉದಯಿಸಿತು. ರಕ್ತಪಾತವಿಲ್ಲದೆ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಕಂಡ ಭಾರತ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರಾéನಂತರ ಲಕ್ಷಾಂತರ ಮಂದಿ ಪ್ರಾಣ ಕಳೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದನ್ನು ದೈನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ನೋಡಿತು. ಕೋಟ್ಯಂತರ ಮಂದಿ ನಿರ್ಗತಿಕರಾಗಬೇಕಾಯಿತು.

55 ಕೋಟಿ ರೂ.ಗೆ 'ಬಲಿ'
ಈ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾರತ ತನ್ನ ಪಾಲಿನ 55 ಕೋಟಿ ರೂ. ಹಣವನ್ನು ಈಗಲೇ ಪಾವತಿಸಬೇಕು ಎಂದು ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ ಒತ್ತಡ ಹೇರಲಾರಂಭಿಸಿತು. ಆಗ ಭಾರತದ ಉಪಪ್ರಧಾನಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದ ಸರ್ದಾರ್‌ ವಲ್ಲಭಬಾಯಿ ಪಟೇಲರು ಮಾತ್ರ ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಭಾರತ 55 ಕೋಟಿ ರೂ. ನೀಡಬೇಕೆಂದಿಲ್ಲ. ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ ಬಗೆಹರಿಯುವವರೆಗೂ ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಹಣ ಪಾವತಿಸುವ ವಿಷಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾರತ ಮುಂದೆ ಬರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು 1948ರ ಜನವರಿ 12ರಂದು ಪತ್ರಿಕಾಗೋಷ್ಠಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಘಂಟಾಘೋಷವಾಗಿ ಹೇಳಿದರು.
ಈ ಸುದ್ದಿ ತಿಳಿದ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಮಾತ್ರ ತೀವ್ರ ನಿರಾಶೆಗೆ ಒಳಗಾಗಿದ್ದರು. ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಸಲ್ಲಬೇಕಿರುವ ಹಣವನ್ನು ಭಾರತ ಪಾವತಿಸಬೇಕು. ಇಲ್ಲದಿದ್ದರೆ ನಾನು ಉಪವಾಸ ಕೂರದೆ ಬೇರೆ ಮಾರ್ಗವಿಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ಭಾರತ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಒತ್ತಡ ಹೇರಲಾರಂಭಿಸಿದ್ದು ಮಾತ್ರವಲ್ಲದೆ 1948ರ ಜನವರಿ 13ರಿಂದ ನಿರಶನ ಕೈಗೊಂಡೇಬಿಟ್ಟರು. ಆದರೆ ಇದೇ ತನ್ನ ಕೊನೆಯ ನಿರಶನವಾಗಲಿದ್ದು, ತನ್ನ ಮೃತ್ಯುವಿಗೆ ನಾಂದಿಯಾಗಬಲ್ಲದು ಎಂದು ಬಹುಶಃ ಅವರೂ ಊಹಿಸಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ.

ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ನಿರಶನ ಹಮ್ಮಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದಂತೆ ಭಾರತ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ತೀವ್ರ ಮುಜುಗರಕ್ಕೆ ಒಳಗಾಯಿತು. ಇದರ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾಗಿ ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಸಲ್ಲಬೇಕಿರುವ ಹಣವನ್ನು ಪಾವತಿಸಲು ಭಾರತ ಸಿದ್ಧವಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಘೋಷಿಸಿಬಿಟ್ಟಿತು. ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಹಣ ಪಾವತಿಸುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ಭಾರತ ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದು ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿಯ ಬ್ಲ್ಯಾಕ್‌ವೆುàಲ್‌ ತಂತ್ರದಿಂದ ಎಂದು ನಾಥೂರಾಮ್‌ ಗೋಡ್ಸೆ ಸಿಟ್ಟಾದರು. ಆಗ ಮನದಲ್ಲೇ ಒಂದು ನಿರ್ಧಾರಕ್ಕೆ ಬಂದರು. ಅದುವೇ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಹತ್ಯೆ. ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕವಾಗಿ ತನಗೆ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಮೇಲೆ ದ್ವೇಷವಿಲ್ಲದಿದ್ದರೂ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ವಿಷಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಮೂಗುತೂರಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವ ಮತ್ತು ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನದ ಪರವಾಗಿ ವಾದಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಈ ದೇಶದ ಭವಿಷ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಕಂಟಕ ಎಂದು ಅವರು ಭಾವಿಸಿರಬೇಕು. ಅಂತಹದ್ದೊಂದು ಅನಾಹುತಕಾರಿ ಯೋಚನೆ ಈ ದೇಶದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಪಿತನ ಸಾವಿಗೆ ಮುನ್ನುಡಿ ಬರೆಯಿತು.

ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ ಮಾಡಿ ಗುಂಡಿಕ್ಕಿದ
ಅಂದು 1948 ಜನವರಿ 30. ಸಂಜೆ ಐದು ಗಂಟೆ ಸುಮಾರಿಗೆ ದೆಹಲಿಯ ಬಿರ್ಲಾ ಭವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆಗೆಂದು ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ತಮ್ಮ ಅನುಯಾಯಿಗಳ ಜೊತೆ ಬರುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಈ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಗೋಡ್ಸೆ ಯಾರಿಗೂ ಅನುಮಾನ ಬಾರದ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬಿರ್ಲಾ ಭವನ ಪ್ರವೇಶಿಸಿ ಜನರ ಮಧ್ಯೆ ಜಾಗ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡು ನಿಂತಿದ್ದ.

ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಆಗಮನವಾಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದಂತೆ ಅವರ ಬಳಿಗೆ ಬಂದ ಗೋಡ್ಸೆ, ಅವರ ಕಾಲಿಗೆರಗಿ ನಮಸ್ಕರಿಸಿದ. ನಂತರ ಕ್ಷಣಾರ್ಧದಲ್ಲಿ ಗಾಂಧಿ ಬದಿಯದ್ದ ಮಹಿಳೆಯನ್ನು ಪಕ್ಕಕ್ಕೆ ಎಳೆದು ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಎದೆಗೆ 3 ಸುತ್ತು ಗುಂಡು ಹಾರಿಸಿದ. ಗುಂಡಿನ ಮೊರೆತ ಕೇಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದಂತೆ ಭಯಭೀತರಾದ ಜನ ದೂರ ಓಡತೊಡಗಿದರೆ ಏಕಾಂಗಿಯಾದ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ 'ಹಾ' ಎಂದು (ಗಾಂಧಿ ಸಾಯುವಾಗ 'ಹೇ ರಾಮ್‌' ಎಂದಿದ್ದರು ಎಂದು ಕೆಲ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಅದು ನಿಜವಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ಇನ್ನು ಕೆಲವರು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ) ಉದ್ಗರಿಸಿ ನೆಲಕ್ಕುರುಳಿದರು. ಇಷ್ಟಾದರೂ ಗೋಡ್ಸೆ ಮಾತ್ರ ನಿಂತ ಜಾಗದಿಂದ ಕದಲದೆ ಅಲ್ಲೇ ನಿಂತಿದ್ದ. ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಂದರೆ ಪಿಸ್ತೂಲ್‌ ಹಿಡಿದ ಕೈಯನ್ನು ಮೇಲಕ್ಕೆತ್ತಿ ತನ್ನನ್ನು ಬಂಧಿಸಿ ಎಂದು ಗೋಡ್ಸೆ ಕೂಗಿದರೂ ಕ್ಷಣಕಾಲ ಯಾವೊಬ್ಬ ಪೊಲೀಸರು ಕೂಡ ಆತನನ್ನು ಬಂಧಿಸುವ ಧೈರ್ಯ ತೋರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಬಳಿಕ ತನ್ನ ಕೈಲಿದ್ದ ಪಿಸ್ತೂಲನ್ನು ದೂರ ಬಿಸಾಡಿದ ಬಳಿಕ ಗೋಡ್ಸೆಯ ಬಂಧನವಾಯಿತು. ನಂತರ ವಿಚಾರಣೆ, ಕೊನೆಗೆ 1949 ನವೆಂಬರ್‌ 15ರಂದು ಗೋಡ್ಸೆ ಜೊತೆಗೆ ನಾರಾಯಣ ಆಪ್ಟೆಯನ್ನು ಕೂಡ ಗಲ್ಲಿಗೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿತು.

ಅಹಿಂಸಾ ತತ್ವ ಪಾಲಿಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಬಂದಿದ್ದ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿ ಹೀಗೆ ರಕ್ತದ ಮಡುವಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಾಣಬಿಟ್ಟಿದ್ದು ನಿಜಕ್ಕೂ ದುರ್ದೈವವೇ ಸರಿ. ಇಡೀ ದೇಶವೇ ಗೋಡ್ಸೆ ಕೃತ್ಯವನ್ನು ಟೀಕಿಸಲಾರಂಭಿಸಿತು. ಆದರೆ ಆತ ಮಾತ್ರ ತನ್ನ ಕೃತ್ಯವನ್ನು ಸಮರ್ಥಿಸಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದಾನೆ. 'ಭವಿಷ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ದಿನ ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕರಾದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಲೇಖಕರು ನನ್ನ ಕೃತ್ಯವನ್ನು ಒರೆಗೆ ಹಚ್ಚಿ ಅದರ ನಿಜವಾದ ಬೆಲೆಯನ್ನು ಕಂಡು ಹಿಡಿಯುತ್ತಾರೆ' ಎಂದು ಆತ ಹೇಳಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದಾನೆ. ಗಾಂಧಿ ಹತ್ಯೆಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕಾರಣ, ಘಟನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ವರ್ತಿಸಿಕೊಂಡ ರೀತಿ, ಇತರೆ ಆರೋಪಿಗಳ ವಿವರ, ಗಾಂಧಿ ಹತ್ಯೆಗೂ ಮುನ್ನ ನಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಘಟನೆಗಳು ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ ಹಲವಾರು ಸಂಗತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಗೋಡ್ಸೆಯ ತಮ್ಮ ಗೋಪಾಲ ಗೋಡ್ಸೆ ಗಜy ಐ ಚssಚssಜಿnಚಠಿಛಿಛ ಜಚnಛಜಜಿ? (ನಾನೇಕೆ ಗಾಂಧಿ ಹತ್ಯೆ ಮಾಡಿದೆ) ಪುಸ್ತಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಸವಿವರವಾಗಿ ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಗಾಂಧಿಯನ್ನು ಕೊಂದಿದ್ದು ಗೋಡ್ಸೆಯಲ್ಲ, ಆ ಸಂದರ್ಭ. ಅವನು ಬಂದೂಕು ಕೈಗೆತ್ತಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವಂತೆ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದು ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಭಾರತದ ಆಡಳಿತಗಾರರ ವಿಪರೀತ ನಡೆಗಳು. ಅಂದು ಈ ದೇಶ ಗಾಂಧಿಯನ್ನು ಕೊಂದಿತು, ಇಂದು ಅವರ ತತ್ವಗಳನ್ನು ಕೊಲ್ಲುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆ.

COURTESY:- UDAYAVANI NEWS PAPER

>GK QUESTIONS ON GANDHIJI

? MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI ?

1. Mahatma Gandhi was born as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi on?

1869 October 2
He was born in the Porbandar city of Gujarat. His father, Karamchand Gandhi was the diwan of Porbandar.
Mother: - Putlibai.

2. Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, October 2nd is observed as?

International Day of Non-Violence.
United Nations General Assembly decided to observe this day as International Day of Non-Violence from 2007

3. Gandhiji was married to?

Kasturba Makhanji, she is later known as Kasturba Gandhi. Gandhiji was married at the age of 13 and had four sons Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas and Devdas.

4. Gandhi went to University College of London to study as a barrister in the year?
1888

5. When did Gandhi travel to South Africa for legal work?
1893

6. Organization started by Gandhiji in 1894 that aimed to fight discrimination against Indians in South Africa?
Natal Indian Congress

7. Name the Newspaper established by Mahatma Gandhi which was an important tool for the political movement led by Gandhi and the Natal Indian Congress to fight racial discrimination and win civil rights for the Indian immigrant community in South Africa.
The Indian Opinion

8. Gandhi returned from South Africa in?
1915 January 9.

9. Which Satyagraha was the first to be started by Gandhiji in India?
Champaran in 1918

10. Which day is observed as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas every year as it was on this day in 1915 that Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa?

January 9. From 2003, this day is observed as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

11. Gandhi spent how many years in South Africa.?
21

12. Gandhiji jailed for the first time in?
1908 in Pretoria

13. Gandhiji started “Navjeevan” weekly in which language?
Gujrathi

14. Gandhiji led Dandi March (Salt Satyagrah) which started on March 12, 1930 departing from Sabarmati Ashram, to reach the coast at Dandi, on 6th of April. How many followers accompanied him in that march?
78

15. Gandhiji launched his weekly "Harijan" in the year?
1933

16. Gandhiji made the slogan “Do or Die” for?
Quit India Movement

17. Mahatma Gandhi was referred to as the “Father of the Nation” first by?
Subhash Chandra Bose

18. Gandhiji was referred to as the “Mahatma” first by?
Ravindra Nath Tagore

19. Gandhiji became the president of Indian National Congress in?
1924 at the Belgaum session of Indian National Congress

20. At which place did the British Government arrest Gandhiji for sedition for the first time?
Ahmedabad

21. Who was the private secretary of Mahatma Gandhi?
Mahadev Desai

22. French Novelist who wrote the biography of Gandhiji?
Romain Rolland , a French dramatist, essayist, art historian and mystic who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915 wrote the biography of Gandhiji “Mahatma Gandhi”

23. The book written by Gandhiji which is considered as an interpretation/commentary of Bhagavad Geetha ?
Anasakti Yoga

24. Gandhiji arrived Kerala for the fist time in ?
1920 August 18
He visited Kerala five times. His last visit was in 1936 November 13

25. Mahatma Gandhi applied his Satyagraha first against:
The raciest authorities of South Africa

26. From whose book an instantaneous and practical information was brought about in Mahatma Gandhi’s life:
John Ruskin

27. The idea of Gramaswaraj was first proposed by ?
Mahatma Gandhi

28. Death of Mahatma Gandhi was in?
1948

29. Where did Gandhiji undertake his first hunger strike in India?
Ahmedabad

30. Who called Gandhiji “a half naked fakir”?
Winston Churchill

31. The film “Making of Mahatma” is directed by ?
Syam Benegal

32. Gandhiji founded All India Harijan Singh in ?
1932

33. In how many days was the 356 Km journey from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi covered on foot by Gandhiji and his followers?
24 days

34.Chauri Chaura incident prompted Gandhiji to halt which movement?
Non Cooperation Movement

35. Who assassinated Gandhiji?
Nathuram Godse. Gandhiji was shot on january 30, 1948 by a hindu fellow named Nathuram Godse.

36. In the film”Gandhi” which actor played the role of Gandhiji ?
Ben Kingsley
The film is directed by Richard Attenborough.

37. Gandhiji’s famous Harijan- uplift tour started from?
Wardha

38. “In nature there is enough for everyone’s need, but too little for everyone’s greed” These are the words from the famous leader?
Mahatma Gandhi

39."Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as [Gandhi] ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth." Who said these words about Gandhiji?
Albert Einstein

African Gandhi: - Kenneth Kaunda
American Gandhi: - Martin Luther King
Sri Lankan Gandhi: - A. T. Ariyaratne
Modern Gandhi:-Baba Amte
Bihar Gandhi: Dr.Rajendra Prasad
Delhi Gandhi:- C.Krishnan Nair
Burmese Gandhi:- Aung San Suu Kyi
Kosovo Gandhi: Ibrahim Rugova
South African Gandhi:Nelson Mandela
Frontier Gandhi: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Kerala Gandhi:-K.Kelappan
Mayyazhi Gandhi:-I.K.Kumaran Master

Quiz on Gandhiji --- Questions on Gandhiji's life

1.Where was was Gandhiji born?

Ans: Porbandar

2.What was Gandhi's childhood nickname?
Ans:Manu or Moniya

3.What was the name of Gandhi's father?
Ans:Karamchand

4.In his teens Gandhi had a friend who often told him if he ate meat, he would grow stronger. Gandhi also picked up smoking from him for a while. Later Gandhi wrote a letter to his father and apologized. Who was this friend?

Ans: Shiekh Mehtab

5.At what age was Gandhi married?

Ans: Thirteen

6.Gandhiji confessed his guilt of stealing for the purpose of smoking in a letter, promising never to steal in future and asking for adequate punishment. To whom was this letter addressed?

Ans: Father

7.To represent which company's case did Gandhi go to Durban, South Africa in 1893?

Ans:Dada, Abdulla & Co

8.While holding a first-class ticket Gandhiji was ordered by a railway official to shift to the van compartment. On his refusal to comply with the unjust order, a constable was called to push him out bag and baggage. Identify the railway station where this incident took place

Ans: Maritzburg

9.How many sons did Gandhiji have?

Ans: four

10.On Gandhi's suggestion, which organization was formed in 1894 by the Indian community in South Africa?

Ans: Natal Indian Congress

11. In 1910, Hermann Kallenbach, a white farmer donated his farm near Johannesburg to Gandhi where he established an 'ashram'. What was the name of this 'ashram'?

Ans:Tolstoy Farm

12.Which country Gandhiji visited in October 1901?

Ans: Mauritius

13. Which year Gandhi take the vow of 'brahmacharya' or celibacy for life?

Ans:1906

14.In 1913, Gandhi protested a South African law that had

Ans: Made all non-Christian marriages illegal

15.Which mythological character impressed Gandhiji for life when he saw a play on his life?

Ans: Harischandra

16.In what year did Gandhi leave South Africa for the last time?

Ans: 1914

17.In 1915, Gandhi was awarded a medal which he returned to the Government in 1920 as a gesture of non cooperation towards the British Government. Name the medal.

Ans: Kaiser-i -Hind

18.Who advised Gandhiji to remain as an observer and student in the country for a year before taking part in Indian Politics?

Ans: Gopal Krishna Gokhle

19. Which was the place from where Gandhiji started his recruiting campaign for the War on behalf of the British Government.

Ans: Kheda

20.The book "Unto This Last" greatly captivated and transformed Gandhi. He later translated it into Gujarati. Who was its author?

Ans: John Ruskin

21.Gandhi's autobiography "The Story of My Experiments with Truth" was originally written in Gujarati. Who translated it into English?

Ans:Mahadev Desai

22.Gandhiji's first major struggle in the country was stagged on the soil of Champaran district in Bihar in 1917 in connection with indigo plantation. Who was largely instrumental in persuading Gandhiji to visit Champaran and lead the struggle over there?

Ans: Raj Kumar Shukla

23.In connection with the inauguration of the so-called Rowlatt satyagraha, Gandhiji started a Satyagraha Sabha in

Ans: Bombay

24.At which place was Gandhiji arrested for the first time by the British Government for sedition?

Ans: Ahmedabad

25. A wave of violent communal riots swept over country in 1924 on account of which Gandhiji felt very much upset and was in great distress, knowing not what to do. The terrible riots that broke out at a particular place led Gandhi to do penance by observing a fast for 21 days. Which was that place?

Ans: Kohat

26.Who commented "Mr Gandhi's religious and moral views are, I believe, admirable, but I confess that I find it difficult to understand the practice of them in politics."

Ans: Lord Reeding

27.Gandhi first organized mass "non-cooperation" with the British in what year?

Ans:1920

28. Gandhiji withdrew his non-cooperation due to the killing of Police men at which place?

Ans: Chauri Choura

29.In how many days was the 241 mile-journey from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi covered on foot by Gandhi and his volunteers?

Ans:24

30.Who was nominated by Gandhiji to lead the satyagrahais on the Dandi March in the event of his arrest?

Ans:Abbas Tyabji

31. Subhash Chandra Bose was elected President of the Congress in 1938 with Gandhiji's goodwill. He wanted a second term, but Gandhiji did not approve of it. Despite the disapproval, Bose fought the election and won it, defeating the official candidate by over 200 votes. Gandhiji took it as a personal defeat. Identify the candidate.

Ans:Pattabhi Sitaramayya

32. What is the name of the building which served as Gandhi's residence in Mumbai from 1917-1934?

Ans: Mani Bhavan

33.What personal tragedy did Gandhi suffer in 1943?

Ans: His youngest son died

34.After Independence in 1947, Gandhi felt the Congress had outlived its usefulness. To keep it away from unhealthy competition with political parties and communal bodies, Gandhi sketched a draft constitution for the Congress to transform it into a social organization. What was it called?

Ans:Lok Sevak Sangh

Frequently asked questions About GANDHI : updated

If you can answer these Important questions about Mahatma Gandhi, you will surely get 1 mark in IBPS , UPSC, Bank clerk like exams. So Start to learn from Gandhi

1. When did Gandhiji born?
Answer: in 1869 October 2

2. When did Gandhiji went to South Africa to practice law?
Answer: in 1893

3. Where did Gandhiji's first Satyagraha experimented?
Answer: South Africa in 1906, September to protest against the Asiatic Ordinance issued against the Indians in Transval

4. When was Gandhiji's first imprisonment?
Answer: 1908 at Johannesberg in South Africa

5. In which railway station where Gandhiji was humiliated and ousted ?
Answer: Peter Marits Burg Railway Station in SouthAfrica

6. When did Gandhiji started Tolstoy Farm (SouthAfrica)?
Answer: in 1910

7. Where did Gandhiji started the Phoenix Settlement ?
Answer: Durban in South Africa

8. What is the name of weakly started by Gandhiji in SouthAfrica?
Answer: Indian opinion (1904)

9. When did Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa ?
Answer: 9th January 1915.
January 9 is observed as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

10. Where was Gandhiji’s first satyagraha in India?
Answer: It was for the right of Indigo workers in Champaran in 1917

11. Where was gandhiji’s first fast (Gandhiji’s second satyagraha in India)?
Answer: In Ahmadabad

12. Which causes Gandhiji to abandoned his title Kaiser-I-Hind?
Answer: Jallianwalabagh Massacre (1919)

13. Who started weeklies named Young India and Navjeevan?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi

14. Which is the only Congress session presided over by Gandhiji?
Answer: Congress session at Belgaum in 1924

15. Who started All India Harijan Samaj in 1932?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi

16. Where is Wardha Ashram situated?
Answer: In Maharashtra

17. When did Gandhiji started the weekly Harijan?
Answer: 1933

18. Gandhiji called Subhash Chandra Bose as _________?
Answer: Patriot

19. Who called Gandhiji as “Half naked Seditious Fakir”?
Answer: Winston Churchill

20. Who gave the name ‘Gurudev’ to Tagore?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi

21. Who called Gandhiji as ‘Mahatma’?
Answer: Tagore

22. Who is political guru of Gandhiji ?
Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale

23. Who is considered as spiritual guru of Gandhiji?
Answer: Leo Tolstoy

24. When did Gandhiji assassinated?
Answer: 1948 January 30 by Nadhuram Vinayak Godse

25. What was called as 'Post Dated Cheque' by Gandhiji ?
Answer: Cripps's Mission (1942)

26. When did Gandhiji published 'Hind Swaraj' ?
Answer: In the year 1908

27. who gave Baba Amta the title 'Abhay Sadak' ?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi

28. The period which is considered as 'Gandhian Era' in Indian Independence struggle ?
Answer: 1915 - 1948

29. Where was Gandhiji’s third satyagraha in India?
Answer: kheda satyagraha

30. What is the real name of Gandhi's Autobiography ?
Answer: Satya na prayogo

31. What is the period that referred in Gandhi's Autobiography ?
Answer: 1869 - 1921

32. When did Autobiography of Gandhiji first published ?
Answer: 1927 (in Navajeevan)

33. In which language Gandhiji wrote his Autobiography ?
Answer: Gujarati

34. Who translated Gandhi's autobiography into English ?
Answer: Mahadev Desai

35. Who founded Satyagrah Sabha ?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi

36. Who was the secretary of Mahatma Gandhi after the demise of Mahadev Desai ?
Answer: Pyarelal

37. What is the real name of Mira Behn, the disciple of Gandhiji ?
Answer: Madeleine Slade

38. Who compared Gandhi's Dandi March to the legendary journey of Sri Rama to Lanka ?
Answer: Motilal Nehru

* Persons having nick name as Gandhi

39. Who is known as Frontier Gandhi ?
Answer: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

40. Who is known as Bihar Gandhi ?
Answer: Dr. Rajendra Prasad

41. Who is known as Modern Gandhi ?
Answer: Baba Amte

42. Who is known as Sri Lankan Gandhi ?
Answer: A.T. Ariyaratne

43. Who is known as American Gandhi ?
Answer: Martin Luther King

44. Who is known as Burmese Gandhi ?
Answer: General Aung San

45. Who is known as African Gandhi ?
Answer: Kenneth Kaunda

46. Who is known as South African Gandhi ?
Answer: Nelson Mandela

47. Who is known as Kenya Gandhi ?
Answer: Jomo Kenyatta

48. Who is known as Indonesian Gandhi ?
Answer: Ahmed Sukarno

Some of the Books about Gandhi.

*49. Who wrote the book "The words of Gandhi" ?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi

Other Books written by Gandhiji -
"The Essential Gandhi" , "The Wit and Wisdom of Gandhi" , "The Penguin Gandhi reader","Gandhi on Islam", "The Bhagavad Gita According to Gandhi", "The book of Gandhi wisdom", "Hind swaraj and other writings", "The Way to God", "For Pacifists"

*50. Who is the write of "Gandhi on Non-Violence" ?
Answer: Thomas Merton

*51. "The Life Of Mahatma Gandhi" is written by?
Answer:Louis Fischer

*52. who is the author of "Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and his Struggle with India"
Answer: Joseph Lelyveld

Friday 24 January 2014

>GK ON INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Important Questions About Borrowed Features in Indian Constitution

1. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Fundamental Rights ?
Answer: America (USA)

2. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Supreme Court ?
Answer: America (USA)

3. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Preamble ?
Answer: America (USA)

4. From Which country India Borrowed Written Constitution ?
Answer: America (USA)

5. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Fundamental Duties ?
Answer: Russia (USSR)

6. From Which country India Borrowed Five year Plan ?
Answer: Russia (USSR)

7. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Speaker in Lok Sabha ?
Answer: Britain (UK)

8. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Parliamentary Election ?
Answer: Britain (UK)

9. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Election Commission ?
Answer: Britain (UK)

10. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed 'Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the Emergency' ?
Answer: Germany

11. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Concurrent list ?
Answer: Australia

12. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Federal System ?
Answer: Canada

13. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Union - State List ?
Answer: Canada

14. From Which country Indian Constitution Borrowed Amendment of the Constitution ?
Answer: South Africa

Previously asked gk questions about Constitution Amendments in competitive exams

1. Which amendment is known as Mini constitution ?
Answer: 42 ^nd amendment (1976)

2. In which amendment did the Preamble amended ?
Answer: 42 ^nd amendment

3. In which amendment did Right to property is removed from the Fundamental Rights ?
Answer: 44 ^th amendment (1978)

4. In which amendment did the voting age is lowered form 21 to 18 ?
Answer: 61 ^st amendment (1989)

5.which amendment created the National Capital Territory of Delhi ?
Answer: 69 ^st amendment (1991)

6. Which amendment lead to the creation of Panchayat Raj ?
Answer: 73 ^st amendment (1992)

Latest general knowledge questions about Constitution Articles in competitive exams

1. Which article is known as Heart and Soul of the Constitution ?
Answer: Article 32

2. Which article is known as Necessary Evil ?
Answer: Article 22

3. Article 17 of the Indian Constitution provides for ?
Answer: Abolition of Untouchability

4. Fundamental Right are granted to citizens under which Article ?
Answer: Article 12 to 35

5. 'Right to Equality' is guaranteed to the citizens of India under Article ?
Answer: Article 14

6. Which article has banned employment of children below the of 14 in hazardous industries and factories ?
Answer: Article 24

7. Which article deals with the free and compulsory education to all children below 14 years of age ?
Answer: Article 45

8. Which article deals with Right to elementary Education ?
Answer: Article 21 A

8. Which is the Article that provides special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir ?
Answer: Article 370

9. Which Article relates to the establishment of Finance Commission ?
Answer: Article 280

10. Which Article deals with the Fundamental Duties ?
Answer: Article 51 A

>QUESTIONS ON INDIAN CONSTITUTION

INDIAN CONSTITUTION

1. India is a democratic republic because:
(a) The Head of the State is elected by the people
(b) There is Parliamentary supremacy
(c) There is a independence of Judiciary
(d) None of these

2. The Supreme Court of India is located at:
(a) Mumbai (b) Delhi (c) New Delhi (d) Kolkata

3. From which date did the Constitution of India come into force?
(a) 26 January, 1950 (b) 15 August, 1947
(c) 20 January, 1950 (d) 26 January, 1947

4. What is the duration of the term of the President of India?
(a) 4 years (b) 5 y;ars
(c) 6 years (d) 7 years

5. Which qualification is not essential for election as the President of India?
(a) Citizen of India
(,b) Not less than 35 years of age
(c) Member of Lok Sabha
(d) Not holding an pffice of profit

6. The number of Members of the Rajya Sabha nominated by the President is:
(a) 18 (b) 10
(c) 12 (d) 14

7. What is the maximum number of Judges, besides the Chief Justice, that our Supreme Court can have?

a)11 b) 12
(c) 13 (d) 14

8. Who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of India?
(a) Defence Minister (b) Prime Minister of India
(c) President of India (d) Chief of the Army Staff

9. A Money Bill passed by the Lok Sabha can be detained by Rajya Sabha for a maximum period of:
(a) 14 days (b) 30 days
(c) 90 days (d) 60 days

10. How many spokes are there in the Ashoka Wheel of the Indian National Flag?
(a) 24 (b) 23
(c) 22 (d) None of these

11. Who was the first Indian Governor General of Free India?
(a) C. Rajagopalachari (b) Lord Mountbatten
(c) Rajendra Prasad (d) None of these

12. Our National Anthem is:
(a) Jana Gana Mana
(b) Vande Mataram
(c) Jhanda Uncha Rahe Hamara
(d) Sare Jahane Se Achchha Hindustan Hamara

13. Which is India's National Animal?
(a) Tiger (b) Lion
(c) Elephant (c) Cow

14. Which is the National Bird of India?
(a) Nightingale (b) Pigeon
(c) Peacock (d) Swan

15. The National Flowers of India is: (a) Rose (b) Jasmine
(c) Loms (d) Hebiscus

16. Which of the following Indian States does not have a common boundary with Myanmar (Burma)?
(a) Manipur (b) Nagaland
(c) Assam (d) Arunachal Pradesh

17. The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed by:
(a) President of India (b) Prime Minister (c) Home Minister (d) Parliament

18. The first General Election were held in India:
(a) 1947 (b) 1952
(c) 1950 (d) None of these

19. Who elects the Vice-President of India?
(a) Rajya Sabha (b) Lok Sabha
(c) Both Houses of Parliament at a joint session
(d) None of these

20. The maximum number of members of Lok Sabha is:
(a) 525 (b) 535
(c) 545 (d) 550

21. Fundamental Rights can be classified into:
(a) 5 groups (b) 6 groups (c) 7 groups (d) 8 groups

22. The leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha is:
(a) The Prime Minister (b) The Vice-President
(c) The President
(d) The Speaker of Lok Sabha

23. The President of India holds office for a period of:
(a) 6 years (b) 5 years
(c) 4 years (d) 7 years

24. India owes its political integration to the genius of:
(a) Jawahar Lai Nehru (b) Lord Mountbatten (c) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel (d) C. Rajagopalachari

25. Under the provisions of which Article of the Constitution is President's rule imposed in a State?
(a) 352 (b) 351
(c) 356 (d) 361

Answers
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (c) . 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c) 21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (c)